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Rumus sampel Besar atau banyaknya sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus (Isaac & Michael, 1981). SOP Pengambilan Sample Di Stockpile Untuk tumpukan batubara kurang dari 1000 ton. Materi Rumus Pengambilan Sampel Isaac And Michael Pdf Seperti halnya penelitian-penelitian dalam bidang yang lain, penelitian dalam bidang psikologi yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif ditujukan untuk memperoleh kesimpulan dengan meneliti sekelompok kecil dalam daerah yang sempit namun yang hasil penelitiannya dapat digeneralisasikan ke.
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Apr 21, 2020 Menentukan ukuran sampel penelitian menggunakan tabel Isaac dan Michael sedikit lebih mudah, dimana sudah ditentukan tingkat kesalahan untuk 1%, 5% dan 10%. Dengan tabel ini, peneliti dapat secara langsung menentukan besaran sampel berdasarkan jumlah populasi dan tingkat kesalahan yang dikehendaki. Materi Rumus Pengambilan Sampel Isaac And Michael Pdf Average ratng: 6,5/10 4426 reviews Beberapa rumus untuk menentukan jumlah sampel antara lain: 1. Formula Slovin(dalam Riduwan, 2005:65) N = n/N(d) 2 + 1 Keterangan:. n = sampel;. N = populasi;. d = nilai presisi 95% atau sig. Materi Rumus Pengambilan Sampel Isaac And Michael Pdf Average ratng: 6,5/10 4426 reviews Beberapa rumus untuk menentukan jumlah sampel antara lain: 1. Formula Slovin(dalam Riduwan, 2005:65) N = n/N(d) 2 + 1 Keterangan:. n = sampel;. N = populasi;. d = nilai presisi 95% atau sig. Apa teknik pengambilan sampel yang. Tabel Krejcie and Morgan Tabel Isaac & Michael dll Catatan: Penentuan jumlah sampel di atas hanya digunakan apabila target populasi diketahui jumlahnya Rumus Slovin N n = 1+Ne2 Contoh: populasi=735 orang Keterangan: n= Ukuran sampel, N= Ukuran populasi, e= Persen kelonggaran.
Presentation on theme: 'ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM HARDWARE SOFTWARE PEOPLEWARE DATA.'— Presentation transcript:
In order for a computer to function, it requires hardware and software; however, operating this machine requires human beings who are also referred to as peopleware. Without these three components, the world of computer technology would not exist as it.
1 ELEMENTS OF ACOMPUTER SYSTEMHARDWARESOFTWAREPEOPLEWAREDATA
2 HARDWARE: The physical components of a computer system
It refers to the tangible devices that can be seen, touched and feltThe hardware that makes up the most basic computer system includes the monitor, keyboard and a system unitPhysical components fall into five categories:Input devicesSystem unitSecondary storageOutput devicesCommunication devices
3 INPUT DEVICES Mouse Keyboard FIVE CATEGORIES OF HARDWARE:
Translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process.KeyboardLooks like a typewriter keyboard, but has additional specialized keys.MouseIs a pointing device that typically rolls on the desktop.It directs the insertion point or cursor on the display screen.Has one or more buttons for selecting commandsAlso used for drawing figures.
4 SYSTEM UNIT Central processing Unit (CPU)
Is the electronic circuitry housed within the computer cabinetThe two of the most important components of the system unit are:Central processing Unit (CPU)Controls and manipulates data to produce information.A microcomputers CPU is contained on a single integrated circuit or microprocessor chip.It is like the brain of the computer which controls the whole computer.It also thinks for the computer with the help of the human using it.The central processor performs calculations, compares data and produces results.It has two components: the control unit and arithmetic-logic unit
5 Control Unit:tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out a program’s instructions.it directs the movement of electronic signals between memory and the arithmetic logic unitit also directs these control signals between the CPU and input and output devicesArithmetic-Logic Unitusually called the ALU, performs two types of operations – arithmetic and logicalArithmetic operations are the fundamental math operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.Logical operations consist of comparisons. That is, two pieces of data are compared to see whether one is equal to (=), less than (<), or greater than (>) the other.
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6 Memory ( Primary Storage or Random Access Memory)
Main memory (internal storage)Holds data and program instructions for processing the data.It holds the processed information before it s output.It is sometimes referred to as temporary storageIt is located in the system unit on tiny memory chips.
7 Secondary Storage It also holds data and programs permanently.
It supports the main memory.It stores data and programs for future use.This type of memory stores the information on storage media such as floppy disks and CDsFloppy disks ( also known as diskettes)widely used to store and transport data from one computer to another.called as floppy disk because data is stored on a very thin flexible or floppy plastic diskHard disksare typically used to store programs and very large data filesHave a much greater capacity and are able to access information much faster than floppy disks.
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8 is relatively new and evolving format
Optical disksUse laser technology and have the greatest capacity.There are two basic formats or types of optical disks. CD (compact disks) and DVD ( Digital Versatile Disk)CD (compact disk)used to distribute large databases and reference, to back up large data source, and to create, store and edit multimedia presentation.DVD ( digital versatile disk or digital video disk)is relatively new and evolving formatcapacity is far greater than CDs.can be used for all the things that CDs are used for, plus they are used to distribute full length motion pictures.
9 OUTPUT DEVICESAre pieces of equipment that translate the processed information from the CPU into a form that humans can understandMonitor or video display screenResembles a television screenIt displays the result of different commands given by the user.It shows how the computer answers the commands and show results of what you are doingThe output seen in the monitor is called as softcopyPrintera device that produces printed paper outputit produces images on paper which have created in a computerthe printed output is called as hardcopy
10 COMMUNICATIONS DEVICE
Sends and receives data and programs from one computer or secondary storage device to anotherMany microcomputers use a modemModemIs a device which converts the electronic signals from the computer into electronic signals that can travel over a telephone line. A modem at the other end of the line then translates the signals for the receiving computer.
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Components Of Hardware Software And Peopleware Of Computer System
11 SOFTWARE another name for programs
includes the programs which the users use to help them finish their work fast.it includes instructions that tell the computer how to process datais a set of programs or procedures associated with the computer system.Two kinds of software:System SoftwareIs background software that helps a computer manage its internal resources.are programs designed to directly or indirectly support program processingConsists of utilities, device drivers, language translators, and operating systems.deals with the physical complexities of computer hardware.
Basic Computer Hardware Components
12 Operating SystemIs a group of computer programs that help your software control your hardwareDOS or Disk Operating System is one of the most well known OSManage resources, provide user interface, and run applicationshas three basic functions:Resources: coordinates all the computer’s resourcesUser Interface: users interact with application programs and computer hardware through a user interface.Applications: programs which load and run applications such as word processors and spreadsheets.
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13 Application SoftwarePerforms useful work on general purpose problems.Designed to be used by many people to do the most common kinds of tasks.also known as the basic applicationsThere are two type of application software: Basic application and the Advanced application
Example Of Hardware Software And Peopleware
14 Basic Applications:Browsers: used to connect to remote computers, open and transfer files, display text and images, and provide an interface to the Internet and the Web.Word Processor: used to create, edit, save, and print text-based documentsSpreadsheet: used to analyze, organize, manipulate and graph numeric informationDatabase management system: organize and manage data and informationPresentation graphics: are use to create professional and exciting presentations
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15 Advanced Applications
Multimedia: integrate video, music, voice, and graphics to create interactive presentationsWeb publishers: create interactive multimedia Web pagesgraphics programs: create professional publications, draw, edit, and modify imagesVirtual reality; create realistic three – dimensional virtual or simulated environmentsArtificial intelligence: simulated human thought processes and actionsProject managers: plan projects, schedule, people , and control resources
16 PEOPLEWARE the people involved in the data processing cycle
known as the users or end users -any person who can manipulate and use the computer system and its programs
17 DATA consists of the raw, unprocessed facts.
There are three types of files:Document files: created by word processors to save documents such as memos, term papers and letters.Worksheet files: created by electronic spreadsheets like Excel to analyze things like budgets and to predict salesDatabase files: typically created by database management programs to contain highly structured and organized data.
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